Eigenvectors and eigenvalues | Chapter 14, Essence of linear algebra
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An eigenvector stays on its own line. Finding when A−λI collapses a dimension gives the eigenvalue condition; an eigenbasis simplifies repeated transformations.
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some special vectors do remain on their own spanmake this determinant zero, meaning the tweaked transformation squishes space into a lower dimensionwhat you have found is the axis of rotationchange to an eigenbasis, compute the 100th power in that system, then convert back